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NADĚJE JAKO ESCHATOLOGICKÝ PRINCIP. SONDA DO MYŠLENÍ DOBY VZNIKU TEOLOGIE NADĚJE JÜRGENA MOLTMANNA

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MIROSLAV EXNER

HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
HUSSITE THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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HOPE AS AN ESCHATOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE. A PROBE INTO THE THINKING AT THE TIME OF
THE EMERGENCY OF JÜRGEN MOLTMANN’S THEOLOGY OF HOPE

Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to analyse the concept of hope as a key principle of thought in
the works of Ernst Bloch and Jürgen Moltmann. The investigation is set in the broader historical
and biographical context of both authors and focuses on the eschatological dimension of hope, its
social and political implications, and the relationship between religious and atheistic perspectives.
Emphasis is placed on comparing the philosophical and theological approaches of both thinkers,
including contemporary critical responses. The thesis employs methods of literary research,
comparative and critical analysis, and historical method, and reflects on the interdisciplinary nature
of the topic in order to identify the universality of hope as a dynamic principle that transcends time,
space, and ideologies.
Keywords: Hope; eschatology; Ernst Bloch; Jürgen Moltmann; theology of hope; principle of hope;
messianism; social utopia; Christianity; Marxism; transcendence; Kingdom of God; atheism; social
transformation; political implications
THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 95, 2024, No. 1 – 2, Number of Article 4, p. 47 – 152.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.95.1-2.4

MUSLIMSKÁ VÍRA POD PALBOU ROZUMU I: HUNAJN IBN ISHÁQ (Z. 873) VERSUS ABÚ AL-HASAN ʿALÍ B. JAHJÁ B. AL-MUNADŽDŽIM (Z. 888)

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LUKÁŠ DE LA VEGA NOSEK

HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
HUSSITE THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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THE MUSLIM FAITH UNDER FIRE FROM REASON: HUNAJN IBN ISḤĀQ (Z. 873) VERSUS ABŪ ALHASAN
ʿALĪ B. YAHYĀ B. AL-MUNAJJIM (Z. 888)

Abstract: This study presents an analysis of a treatise by the Nestorian translator Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq
(d. 873), which was conceived in response to an exhortation to convert to Islam written by Abū
al-Hasan ʿAlī b. Yahyā b. al-Munajjim (d. 888), a renowned Muslim of Persian descent. The study
presents the contents of the treatise, and, on the basis of direct quotations, notes the specifics and
characteristics of Hunayn´s thought. It concludes by presenting the key idea that in this Christian-
Muslim controversy, more than faith, it is about the proper use of reason and rational thought.
Keywords: Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (d. 873); by Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Yahyā b. al-Munajjim (d. 888); theology;
philosophy; christian-muslim polemics; reason; arab christianity; nestorian theology
THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 95, 2024, No. 1 – 2, Number of Article 3, p. 34 – 46.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.95.1-2.3

KŘESŤANSTVÍ VE VEŘEJNÉM PROSTORU. PŘÍSTUP CÍRKVE ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ (HUSITSKÉ) V LETECH 1920-1940

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ONDŘEJ KADLEC

HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
HUSSITE THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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CHRISTIANITY IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE. THE APPROACH OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK (HUSSITE) CHURCH
IN THE YEARS 1920-1940

Abstract: From its inception, the Czechoslovak Hussite Church took an interest in public affairs in
Europe and the emerging ecumenical movement. It maintained close contacts with a union for
the promotion of international friendship through churches. Its representatives, especially Prof.
František Kovář, future professor František M. Hník, and Prof. A. Spisar, participated in a number of
conferences organized by this community. From the very beginning, it closely followed the Life and
Work movement, which after World War II became part of the World Council of Churches. Kovář,
Hník, and Spisar responded to the global economic crisis, the suppression of religious freedom in
the Soviet Union, and the advance of German fascism. The issues of democracy, war and peace,
and a Christian solution to the crisis came increasingly to the fore. As a theologian and sociologist,
Hník devoted himself to the formation of a new economic order which encountered problems and
misunderstanding in the churches. Contrary to pacifist tendencies, Hník
believed that Christians
were entitled to participate in a defensive war fought to preserve civil liberties, human dignity, and
the legal order. In the spirit of T. G. Masaryk, he considered this to be humanitarian pacifism. The
studies analyzed by the authors demonstrate their high level of expertise and, at the same time,
testify to their firm roots in the Czechoslovak Church.
Keywords: Christianity and social change; secularization; world economic order; democracy; the
Life and Work movement; religious freedom in totalitarian regimes; respect for religious differences;
the church and nationalism
THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 95, 2024, No. 1 – 2, Number of Article 2, p. 19 – 33.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.95.1-2.2

DOGMATICKÉ TEXTY JAKO KOMUNIKAČNÍ MODELY NA POZADÍ FORMÁLNÍCH A STRUKTURÁLNÍCH PŘÍSTUPŮ

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DIMITRIJE VASKOVIĆ

HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
HUSSITE THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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DOGMATIC TEXTS AS COMMUNICATION MODELS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF FORMAL AND
STRUCTURAL APPROACHES
Abstract: This study represents an attempt to outline a model of systematic theological thinking
against the background of formal and structural approaches developed in the 20th century. The
genre diversity of texts, which represents the basis for systematic reflection, leads us to assume that
programmatically dogmatic texts can only be analyzed in relation to texts with different functions
and to other systems of human culture that shape their reference frameworks. This struggle
between leveling and diversifying tendencies within systematic thinking reveals a certain cultural
and informational beyondness of dogmatic theology. Its goal is not only to answer questions of
faith but also to lend cultural legitimacy to the verbalization of religious experience. This model of
systematic theological thinking is outlined here against the background of formal and structuralcommunication
approaches.
Keywords: dogmatics; semiotics; Lotman; formalism; communication theory
THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 95, 2024, No. 1 – 2, Number of Article 1, p. 8 – 18.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.95.1-2.1

DIPLOMAT A HISTORIK PROF. KAMIL KROFTA A FF UK BRATISLAVA

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JAROSLAV HRDLIČKA

HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
HUSSITE THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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DIPLOMAT AND HISTORIAN PROF. KAMIL KROFTA AND FF UK BRATISLAVA

Abstract: Kamil Krofta (1876-1945), Czech historian, studied history at the Faculty of History of
Charles University in Prague. After 1919, he worked in the diplomatic service in the Vatican, Vienna,
Berlin, and from 1936-1938 Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czechoslovak Republic. After the
death of Prof. Jan Heidler, during his diplomatic service in Vienna, he was a professor of general
modern history at the Faculty of Philosophy of Comenius University in Bratislava from 1923–1925.
His research and publications during this period and later on were devoted to medieval and modern
history of Hungary and Slovakia. He contributed to the establishment of modern Slovak historical
science.

Keywords: historian; Comenius University; Slovak University in Bratislava; Edvard Beneš; Josef
Borovička; Gustav Friedrich; Julius Glücklich; Jan Heidler; Rudolf Holinka; Kristián Hynek; Václav
Chaloupecký; Vladimír Klecanda; Kamil Krofta; Dobroslav Orel; Josef Pekař; Albert Pražák; Daniel
Rapant; Josef Šusta; Branislav Varsik

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 94, 2023, No. 3 – 4, Number of Article 4, p. 267 – 276.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.94.3-4.4

ETIKA, SPIRITUALITA, DIALOG, POIMENIKA ANALÝZA ÚVODU K TRAKTÁTU AL-HAMM Z PERA ELIÁŠE Z NISIBIS (975-1046)

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LUKÁŠ DE LA VEGA NOSEK

HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
HUSSITE THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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ETHICS, SPIRITUALITY, DIALOGUE, POIMENICS. AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTRODUCTION TO THE
TRACTATE DAFʿ AL-HAMM FROM THE PEN OF ELIAS OF NISIBIS (975-1046)

Abstract: This study is concerned with a content analysis of the Introduction to the voluminous
wisdom literature of Dafʿ al-hamm by the Nestorian metropolitan Elijah of Nisibis (975-1046). The
study first introduces the life and work of the author under study, thanks to contemporary secondary
literature. Next, it will present the entire treatise in its historical, substantive, and formal context. It
then proceeds to a detailed analysis of the 88 sentences of the introduction, which present not only
the meaning of the entire text but also the internal architecture of this interesting work. The study
demonstrates that the Introduction constitutes the architecture of the entire work and explains the
four key elements of Elijah‘s thought that he wove not only into the Introduction but into the entire
treatise: ethics, spirituality, dialogue, and poimenics. Finally, the study reflects on the contemporary
absence of historical analyses of poimenics among Arab Christians in the Middle Ages.

Keywords: Elijah of Nisibis (975-1046); history of theology; sapiential literature; ethics; spirituality;
dialogue; poimenics; Arab Christianity

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 94, 2023, No. 3 – 4, Number of Article 3, p. stránka 246 – 266.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.94.3-4.3

ESCHATOLOGIE JAKO JÁDRO KŘESŤANSKÉHO UČENÍ A TEOLOGICKÁ DISCIPLÍNA A JEJÍ „DE-ESCHATOLOGIZACE“ V MODERNÍ ZÁPADNÍ SPOLEČNOSTI

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KATEŘINA HLAVÁČOVÁ


HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
HUSSITE THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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ESCHATOLOGY AS THE CORE OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE: THEOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE AND ITS
“DE-ESCHATOLOGIZATION” IN MODERN WESTERN SOCIETY


Abstract: The twentieth century shows a renewed interest in Christian eschatology, which must
be understood in the context of the rise of liberal theology in the nineteenth century based on
ideas stemming from the European Enlightenment, especially its emphasis on the role of reason
and personal experience. In a somewhat parallel but fundamentally different way, changes in
eschatological thinking are also taking place in the United States, where the slower process of the
“unlearning” of Christian faith and doctrine is largely due to the influence of the religious heritage
of Puritanism and revivalism, the experience of the Civil War and the consequent conflict between
liberal and conservative theologies, enabling the survival of a Christian eschatology characterized
by a ‚radical‘ millennial expectation, while in Europe, following the general disillusionment with
the optimistic vision of a progressive society in the early and first half of the twentieth century, the
Christian eschatology has become more and more popular. In the first half of the twentieth century,
some Protestant theologians returned to a futuristic and transcendent version of eschatology, but in
an already highly intellectualized and de-mythologized form, open to dialogue with modern science
and taking into account the plurality of religions and truths in postmodern society.


Keywords: eschatology; millennialism; Enlightenment; Protestantism; demythologization


THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 94, 2023, No. 3 – 4, Number of Article 2, p. 223 – 245.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.94.3-4.2

KŘESŤANSKÝ HUMANISMUS VE FILOSOFICKÉ ANTROPOLOGII L. FEUERBACHA

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VLASTIMIL ZÁTKA

HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
HUSSITE THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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CHRISTIAN HUMANISM IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF L. FEUERBACH

Abstract: This study examines Feuerbach’s anthropological conception of the Christian religion
and explores its deepest philosophical and theological problems. In contrast to Hegel, the young
Feuerbach conceived of the Christian religion as a philosophical anthropology and rejected Hegel’s
metaphysical account of it. According to Feuerbach, the essence of the Christian religion is Christology,
which in his view is a special kind of religious anthropology without metaphysical foundations. The
study shows that in Feuerbach‘s conception of the Christian religion a new concept of the personal
relationship between man and God was constructed. Instead of the traditional metaphysical
description of the Christian belief in a transcendent God, a new theory of religious belief in Man
and Humanity took its place. The study also emphasizes that Feuerbach’s new anthropological and
anti-metaphysical conception of religion was not only theoretical but also ethical, and that the main
aim of his philosophy was to construct a deeper philosophical account of modern secular humanism
in relation to Christian religion and ethics. The final part of the study highlights his importance for
contemporary postmodern and post-metaphysical philosophical thought and his legacy for modern
Czech humanist philosophy.

Keywords: anthropological theory of Christian religion; critique of Hegel’s metaphysical conception
of religion; religion as universal humanism; philosophical anthropology as Christology, new postmetaphysical
theory of religious ethics; rejection of Nietzsche’s nihilism and scientific positivism

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 94, 2023, No. 3 – 4, Number of Article 1, p. 184 – 222.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.94.3-4.1

PSYCHOLOGICKÝ PROFIL PŘEDSTAVITELŮ PRAKTIKUJÍCÍCH NEW AGE A JINÁ NEPERSONIFIKOVANÁ NÁBOŽENSTVÍ

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VLADISLAV SHESTAKOV

FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA, UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI, KATEDRA PSYCHOLOGIE
FACULTY OF ARTS, PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY OLOMOUC, DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY

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THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF REPRESENTATIVES PRACTICING NEW AGE AND OTHER NONPERSONIFIED
RELIGIONS

Abstract: This article deals with the analysis of psychological profiles of participants practicing
the New Age movement and other non-personified alternative beliefs. The aim of the research
is to identify certain psychological traits of the respondents. For the research the author uses the
psychological method of the Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire Mccrae-Costa or the Big Five
in the adaptation by A. B. Khromov. The sample consists of 27 female and male respondents with
Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Russian nationalities. The average age of the participants is 29.5 years.
The quantitative research was conducted between 2022 and 2023 and was carried out in the
manner of electronic data collection through Google Forms. Based on the statistical analysis, the
author of the article came to the conclusion that all 27 participants of the study have low levels of
neuroticism and extroversion factors. The results of the conducted research may be useful to clinical
psychologists specializing in the field of religion or religious studies. The results can also be used by
centre staff when working with adolescents who are interested in New Age but do not subscribe to
any religion. Psychologists can use the results in psychological training or psychodrama to examine
the emotional behavior of clients.

Keywords: New Age; shamanism; paganism; Big Five

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 94, 2023, No. 1 – 2, Number of Article 7, p. 97 – 105.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.94.1-2.7

DRAHOCENNÁ VODA: KRVAVÁ OBĚŤ JAKO POKRM BOHŮ

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ADAM BAUDIŠ


HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
HUSSITE THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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PRECIOUS WATER: BLOOD SACRIFICE AS THE FOOD OF THE GODS


Abstract: In this paper, we will firstly take a brief look at the way and exactly how transcendental
beings could have been fed and quite literally kept alive. We will demonstrate the main topic
of blood sacrifice in its basic form from within the context of biblical sacrifices. The next part is
dedicated to Aztec human sacrifices, in which blood sacrifices take upon their “purest” form. The
topic of Mesoamerican ritual cannibalism is introduced in connection with the human participation
required in sacrifices.


Keywords: Ancient Egypt; Aztecs; Blood; Cannibalism; Food; Human sacrifice; Mesoamerica; Old
Testament; Ritual; Sacrifice


THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 94, 2023, No. 1 – 2, Number of Article 6 p. 88 – 96.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.94.1-2.6