Autor: theologick

LUKÁŠ DE LA VEGA NOSEK

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ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE DOCUMENT „ON HUMAN FRATERNITY“.
DOCUMENT ON HUMAN FRATERNITY II

Abstract: This paper tries to evaluate a very interesting document on Human Fraternity for World
Peace and Living Together signed at February 2019 by Pope Francis and the Grand Imam of al-
Azhar Ahmad at-Tayyib. Firstly the paper briefly presents the context of its writing and summarizes
the document. Later the paper decides to evaluate the document in three views. First underlines
a number of key, positive and important characteristics of content of the document. Immediately
the paper mentions the unclear and negative ones. The paper concludes on three key facts of the
document: a) the question of the unity of the human race, b) the question of full citizenship for
all citizens, regardless of race, gender, religion or role in society, and finally c) the question of the
fundamental and strong rejection of violence in matters of religion.

Keywords: human fraternity; document of Abu Dhabi; pope Francis; great imam Ahmad at-Tayyeb;
citizenship

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 3, Number of Article 7, p. 322 – 337.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.3.7

ADAM BAUDIŠ

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POLITICAL RELIGIONS AND NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS: EXAMPLE OF NAZISM

Abstract: Political religions are a specific type of religiosity which is usually not reflected outside of
academia because our society (unlike in e.g. the ancient civilizations) perceives politics primarily
as a secular entity. Although the members of the political parties also don’t see their ideology as
religious (not even partially), we can find many examples of religious elements and ritual behaviour
in them. The most accentuated are the typical characteristics of the new religious movements and
most importantly, the millennial ones. The most reflected political religions are totalitarian regimes;
that’s why Nazism is used here as an example. The paper defines the political religions in general
and then shows the particular millennial characteristics of Nazism and deals with the difference
between political religions and new religious movements.

Keywords: political religions; new religious movements; Nazism; Fascism; totalitarianism;
millennialism; politology; history of the 20th century

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 3, Number of Article 6, p. 311 – 321.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.3.6

ONDŘEJ HAVELKA

KATOLICKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY KARLOVY
CATOLIC THEOLOGICAL FACULTY OF CHARLES UNIVERSITY

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CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA: THE THREE PHASES OF CHRISTIANIZATION AND THE SPECIFICS
OF AFRICAN THEOLOGY AND SPIRITUALITY

Abstract: African Christianity stands on a solid tradition of two thousand years. According to
statistics, it is the most widespread religion in contemporary Africa: about half of the continent‘s
entire population professes it – in sub-Saharan Africa it is almost 60% of the population. However,
this statement needs to be supplemented, clarified and the real reality of African Christianity – and
religious life in general – presented. This is the content of this article. The main aim of the article
is to look at the story of African Christianity in the basic outlines, to emphasize its specifics and to
point out three – not two, as it is often abbreviated – phases of the continent‘s Christianization.
Related to this is the clarification and explanation of the African specificity with regard to statistics.
Another goal is to draw attention to selected unique syncretisms of Christianity and the original
African religions – some within the boundaries of orthodoxy, but others outside them. The topic is
elaborated by the method of own field research, which took place in Africa between 2001 and 2019
in a total length of three years, supported by a comparison of relevant literature.

Keywords: African Christianity, Christianization, African theology, Syncretism, Africa

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 3, Number of Article 5, p. 292 – 310.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.3.5

MARTIN WEIS

TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA JIHOČESKÉ UNIVERZITY V ČESKÝCH BUDĚJOVICÍCH
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA IN ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE, FACULTY OF THEOLOGY

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LEISURE ACTIVITIES IN THE ALUMNAT IN ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH
AND 20TH CENTURIES

Abstract: The study, based on archival sources, printed materials and professional literature,
presents one of the chapters in the history of leisure activities in the environment of a priestly
seminary – alumnat/seminarium in České Budějovice. The theologians of the seminary in České
Budějovice did not spend all their time only studying the theological and philosophical sciences or
praying in the chapel. In the schedule of the day, they also had time for so-called recreation. How did
they fulfil it? We can divide these activities into several areas, physical activities – today we would
say sports activities, hobby activities, passive and active cultural activities, which consisted mainly of
organising various academies, theater performances, singing performances, etc. Their leisure time
activities included also individual reading or conversation. As this study documents with concrete
examples, these leisure activities reflected the spirit of the time and the specifics of the life of future
priests in the alumnat/seminarium more than a hundred years ago.

Keywords: leisure activities; life of societies; cultural activities; sports activities; priestly seminary
– alumnat/seminarium in České Budějovice

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 3, Number of Article 4, p. 285 – 291.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.3.4

ZDENĚK R. NEŠPOR & JIŘÍ VEČERNÍK

SOCIOLOGICKÝ ÚSTAV AV ČR
INSTITUTE OF SOCIOLOGY CAS

CHURCH IS SUSTAINED BY THE IDEALS FROM WHICH IT WAS BORN: SOCIOLOGICAL
EFFORTS IN THE CZECHOSLOVAK (HUSSITE) CHURCH

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Abstract: The Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church was established in the 1920 as a result of unsatisfied
ideological and canonic demands of a part of the Roman Catholic clergy, and national and religiously
liberal moods of the public. The church was therefore occasionally accused of populism, and the
sociological interests of church leaders should be understanding in this respect. The authors studied
the sociological efforts of church members and relevant publications, and although they state that
religious statistics and sociology developed in the church in its first decades, its sources were different
and the application rather exceptional. The efforts started in (attempts at) sociology of clergy, and
the latter important authors František M. Hník and Vladimír Srb met the academic standards of the
discipline in their 1930s and 1940s works. In later years, however, religious sociology in the church
disappeared, partly due to external reasons (unavailability of sources), partly due to the ideological
reorientation of the church itself.

Keywords: sociology of religion; religious sociology; Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church; Czechoslovakia
– religion; church membership

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 3, Number of Article 3, p. 268 – 284.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.3.3

MARTIN KMEC

KATEDRA CIRKEVNÝCH DEJÍN EVANJELICKÁ BOHOSLOVECKÁ FAKULTA
UNIVERZITA KOMENSKÉHO V BRATISLAVE
DEPARTMENT OF CHURCH HISTORY EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN THEOLOGICAL FACULTY
COMENIUS UNIVERSITY BRATISLAVA

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THE WAYS OF SPREADING THEOLOGICAL IDEAS AND WORKS OF J. A. COMENIUS IN THE SLOVAKIAN
TERRITORY UNTIL THE END OF THE 17TH CENTURY

Abstract: J. A. Comenius’ theological ideas were well-received in the northern regions of Austro-
Hungarian Empire (what is today Slovakia). Many of his notable works were spread across the region
in various ways. Geographical and language affinity of today’s Slovakia, Moravia and the Czech lands
constituted optimal conditions for not only cultural, economic, or church relations, but also for
personal connections. This was the case especially after the year 1624 and even more after 1628,
during the time of religious exile of Czech non-Catholic priests, middle-class, and nobility, following
the defeat of the Protestant forces in the Battle of White Mountain.
We examined the main congregations of Unitas Fratrum (United Brotherhood) in Slovakia, which
helped us appreciate the role of exile print for distribution and popularization of Comenius’ practical
religious works. The theological tradition of Comenius found several paths into Slovakia. We can
detect its presence at Protestants city schools, among students, and individual people. Besides the
members of Unitas Fratrum, the main role of spreading theological ideas and works of J.A. Comenius
can be attributed to the printing of his books and rich contacts between Comenius and people in
what is today Slovakia and as well as lower Hungary. The main goal of this paper is to identify and
describe the ways of how J. A. Comenius’ theological ideas and works spread the territory of Upper
Hungary (Slovakia) during the 17th century.

Keywords: John Amos Comenius; Slovakia; Comenius’ theology; Unitas Fratrum; Czech-Moravian
exiles

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 3, Number of Article 2, p. 258 – 267.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.3.2

ŠTEFAN ŠROBÁR

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THEOLOGICAL THINKING OF HUSSITIES

Abstract: Hussite text becomes theological only when it starts reflecting relation of Man to God.
Messianism is convinced that a certain nation was entrusted by God with salvation mission among
other nations. Even Hussities felt to be „chosen by God“ to amend the church and society. According
to Hussities radicals, in 1419-1420 apocalyptic expectations of final fight with Antichrist, second
arrival of Christ to the world and establishment of God´s kingdom started to come true. Waldensians
lived their protest at the edge of Christianity, which renounced them. Hussities scholars where to
provide theoretical expression for Waldesnians approach. Hus for Viklef and viklefism gained the
effort for moral life of all estates of society, mainly clergy. In Bohemia, Konrad Waldhauser, Milíč
from Kroměříž, Matej from Janov were Hus´s predecessors. M. Jakoubek from Stříbro was his own
creator of Hussities theology. Possibility of laymen goblet was based on Christ´s words during The
Last Supper. Hussitenism played important role in creating modern Czech identity.

Keywords: theological reflection; messianism; Waldensians; Viklef; Hus´s predecessors; lay goblet
THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 3, Number of Article 1, p. 249 – 257.

DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.3.1

Markéta Holubová

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RABBI MOSHE HAYIM LUZZATTO: THE WAY OF THE LORD – CHAPTER ONE – THE CREATOR, BLESSED
BE HIS NAME

Abstract: This article is another part of the series focused on the life and works of Rabbi Moshe Hayim Luzzatto
(1707—1746; has been known under the acronym RaMHaL), one of the greatest Jewish thinkers.
This part brings the translation of Chapter One (focused on God‘s Existence, truth and boundaries
of human cognitive process) from Luzzatto’s religious philosophical treatise Derekh Ha-Shem (i.e.
The Way of The Lord; usually translated as The Way of God). The author of the translation tries
to clarify RaMHaL’s way of thinking (via commentary as well as a system of comprehensive and
detailed footnotes which takes into account the religious, philosophic, and historic context of Rabbi
Moshe Hayim Luzzatto’s specific approach).

Keywords: Judaism; Moshe Hayim Luzzatto; Knowledge; Philosophy; Kabbalah

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 2, Number of Article 5, p. 201 – 218.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.2.5

Adam Baudiš

Dominika Šimlová

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AN ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF THE SECONDARY LITERATURE RELATED TO FRANKISM:
HEINRICH GRAETZ AND ALEKSANDER KRAUSHAR

Abstract: Frankism, a new religious movement of the late 18th century, has presented a controversial
theme in Jewish historiography nearly since its inception in the first half of the 19th century, and
it is still controversial today, mostly because of continuous reiteration of the politicized statements
made in those times and promoted by experts such as Gershom Scholem. In the paper presented
here we aim to show the evolution of these interpretations evident in the example of two influential
historians of Judaism—Heinrich Graetz and Aleksander Kraushar— whose opinions on Frankism
were, as we argue here, highly influenced by their personal views on Judaism. While Graetz presents
a more traditional approach based on his distrust towards Jewish mysticism, Kraushar represents
the beginnings of the modern research influenced by his personal views on assimilation and his
critique of traditional Judaism.

Keywords: Frankism; historiography of the 19th century; Heinrich Graetz; Aleksander Kraushar

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 2, Number of Article 4, p. 189 – 200.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.2.4

Lukáš de la Vega Nosek

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THE PRESENTATION OF THE DOCUMENT “ON HUMAN FRATERNITY” AND ITS ANNOTATED
TRANSLATION. DOCUMENT ON HUMAN FRATERNITY I

Abstract: The paper presents the context of a Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace
and Living Together which was signed in February 2019. This study notices the context of the
conference in Abu Dhabi in February 2019 and introduces the life and works of both signatories:
Pope Francis and Grand Imam of Al-Azhar Ahmad at-Tayyib. The second part of the paper presents
the entire edited and annotated translation of the document into Czech. It is enriched by paragraph
numbering and text structuring by headings. Finally, the study also presents practical fulfillments
and useful impacts of the document on Muslim society and society as a whole.
Keywords: human fraternity; document of Abu Dhabi; pope Francis; great imam Ahmad at-Tayyeb;
interreligious dialogue

THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, Vol. 92, 2021, No. 2, Number of Article 3, p. 169 – 188.
DOI: 10.14712/12117617.92.2.3